Results of the 1980-81 Graduate Student Survey of physics and astronomy students are presented. Information is presented on the following: employment offers for new physics masters and doctorate recipients, 1976-81; characteristics of the graduate physics student population, 1980-81, including sex, citizenship, professional society membership, major of bachelor's degree, type of bachelor's institution, type of graduate institution, student status, and source of support; characteristics of minority group physics students; number of graduate physics students, subfield and year of graduate study completed, 1980-1981; sources of support for graduate physics students, by sex and degree status; number of advanced graduate physics students specializing in selected experimental or theoretical subfields by years of graduate study completed; type of research performed by doctoral candidates with respect to years of graduate study completed; distribution, by subfield and employment offers for doctorate recipients; post-degree plans of physics terminal master's degree recipients; distribution, by subfield, of employment offers for terminal master's; employment characteristics of 1980-81 recipients of master's degrees; background characteristics and post-doctorate status of 1980-81 physics graduates; use of physics in potentially permanent employment of graduate degree recipients; initial employment with potential permanence for 1980-81 physics doctorate recipients; median monthly salaries paid by U.S. employers to new physics graduates; graduate astronomy students by subfield and years of graduate study; characteristics of the graduate astronomy student population; and background characteristics and post-doctorate status of 1980-81 astronomy graduates. (SW)