This textbook is intended for use in an introductory course in the use of tests in schools and colleges. The book is divided into five parts: (1) history and philosophy--educational measurement, historical perspectives; Measurement and the process of education; (2) classroom test development--what should achievement tests measure?; How should achievement be measured?; how to plan a classroom test; the characteristics and uses of essay tests; true-false test items; how to write multiple-choice test items; (3) getting, interpreting, and using test scores--how to administer and score an achievement test; oral examinations; test score statistics; marks and marking systems; (4) test analysis and evaluation--how to judge the quality of a classroom test; how to improve test quality through item analysis; how to estimate, interpret and improve test reliability; the validity of classroom tests; and (5) published tests and testing programs--the scope and use of published tests; standardized achievement tests and test batteries; standard scores, norms, and the passing score; intelligence and aptitude tests; personality, attitudes, interests; and testing programs. A glossary of terms used in educational measurement, projects and problems, and a bibliography are presented in appendices. (KM)