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Peer reviewedDweck, Carol S.; Kamins, Melissa L. – Developmental Psychology, 1999
Two studies had children role-play successful and unsuccessful tasks to test the hypothesis that both criticism and praise that conveyed person or trait judgments could send a message of contingent worth and undermine subsequent coping. Found that 5- to 6-year olds displayed significantly more "helpless" responses after person criticism or praise…
Descriptors: Adult Child Relationship, Coping, Criticism, Helplessness
Dweck, Carol S. – 2000
Based on extensive research with children and young adults, this book examines adaptive and maladaptive cognitive-motivational patterns and shows how these patterns originate in people's self theories; their consequences for one's achievement, social relationships, and emotional well-being; their consequences for society; and the experiences that…
Descriptors: Achievement, Child Development, Children, Cognitive Development
