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Fitzsimmons, Charles J.; Morehead, Kayla; Thompson, Clarissa A.; Buerke, Morgan; Dunlosky, John – Journal of Experimental Education, 2023
We investigated whether three interventions -- studying incorrect worked examples, studying correct worked examples, or receiving feedback -- improved children's 0-1,000 (Experiment 1) and adults' 1 thousand--1 billion (Experiment 2) number-line estimation precision relative to a no intervention control group. At pretest, participants estimated…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Problem Solving, Accuracy, Number Concepts
Dunlosky, John; Badali, Sabrina; Rivers, Michelle L.; Rawson, Katherine A. – Educational Psychology Review, 2020
Almost anything worth doing takes effort, so it is no surprise that effort has played such a central role in how researchers, theoreticians, instructors, and even students think about student learning and achievement. In this special issue, the authors of the target articles explore the importance of effort to students' self-regulated learning…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Individual Power, Student Attitudes
Foster, Nathaniel L.; Was, Christopher A.; Dunlosky, John; Isaacson, Randall M. – Metacognition and Learning, 2017
Students often are overconfident when they predict their performance on classroom examinations, and their accuracy often does not improve across exams. One contributor to overconfidence may be that students did not have enough experience, and another is that students may under-use their knowledge of prior exam performance to predict performance on…
Descriptors: Prediction, Tests, Memory, Self Esteem
Stanton, Julie Dangremond; Sebesta, Amanda J.; Dunlosky, John – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2021
Metacognition is awareness and control of thinking for learning. Strong metacognitive skills have the power to impact student learning and performance. While metacognition can develop over time with practice, many students struggle to meaningfully engage in metacognitive processes. In an evidence-based teaching guide associated with this paper…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Performance Factors, Learning Strategies, Teaching Guides
Dunlosky, John; Mueller, Michael L. – Metacognition and Learning, 2016
The target articles explore a common hypothesis pertaining to whether perceptually degrading materials will improve reasoning, memory, and metamemory. Outcomes are mixed, yet some evidence was garnered in support of a version of the disfluency hypothesis that includes moderators, and along with evidence from prior research, researchers will likely…
Descriptors: Evidence, Memory, Hypothesis Testing, Thinking Skills
Dunlosky, John; Thiede, Keith W. – Learning and Instruction, 2013
The target articles make significant advances in our understanding of students' judgments of their cognitive processes and products. In general, the advances are relative to a subset of common themes, which we call the four cornerstones of research on metacognitive judgments. We discuss how the target articles build on these cornerstones (judgment…
Descriptors: Measurement, Research, Students, Metacognition
Wall, Jenna L.; Thompson, Clarissa A.; Dunlosky, John; Merriman, William E. – Developmental Psychology, 2016
Accurate monitoring and control are essential for effective self-regulated learning. These metacognitive abilities may be particularly important for developing math skills, such as when children are deciding whether a math task is difficult or whether they made a mistake on a particular item. The present experiments investigate children's ability…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Computation, Number Concepts, Metacognition
Hartwig, Marissa K.; Was, Chris A.; Isaacson, Randy M.; Dunlosky, John – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2012
Background: Current theories of self-regulated learning predict a positive link between student monitoring accuracy and performance: students who more accurately monitor their knowledge of a particular set of materials are expected to more effectively regulate their subsequent study of those materials, which in turn should lead to higher test…
Descriptors: Educational Psychology, Predictive Validity, Metacognition, Program Effectiveness
Dunlosky, John; Rawson, Katherine A. – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The function of accurately monitoring one's own learning is to support effective control of study that enhances learning. Although this link between monitoring accuracy and learning is intuitively plausible and is assumed by general theories of self-regulated learning, it has not received a great deal of empirical scrutiny and no study to date has…
Descriptors: Definitions, Memory, Underachievement, Metacognition
Knouse, Laura E.; Anastopoulos, Arthur D.; Dunlosky, John – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2012
ADHD in adulthood is associated with chronic academic impairments and problems with strategic memory encoding on standardized memory assessments, but little is known about self-regulated learning that might guide intervention. Objective: Examine the contribution of metamemory judgment accuracy and use of learning strategies to self-regulated…
Descriptors: Memory, Testing, Intervention, Learning Strategies
Hertzog, Christopher; Sinclair, Starlette M.; Dunlosky, John – Developmental Psychology, 2010
Researchers of metacognitive development in adulthood have exclusively used extreme-age-groups designs. We used a full cross-sectional sample (N = 285, age range: 18-80) to evaluate how associative relatedness and encoding strategies influence judgments of learning (JOLs) in adulthood. Participants studied related and unrelated word pairs and made…
Descriptors: Cues, Age Differences, Adult Development, Metacognition
Lipko, Amanda R.; Dunlosky, John; Hartwig, Marissa K.; Rawson, Katherine A.; Swan, Karen; Cook, Dale – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2009
When recalling key term definitions from class materials, students may recall entirely incorrect definitions, yet will often claim that these commission errors are entirely correct; that is, they are overconfident in the quality of their recall responses. We investigated whether this overconfidence could be reduced by providing various standards…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Definitions, Recall (Psychology), Evaluation
Dunlosky, John; Metcalfe, Janet – SAGE Publications Ltd (CA), 2008
Metacognition is the first textbook to focus on people's extraordinary ability to evaluate and control their cognitive processes. This comprehensive text covers both theoretical and empirical metacognitive research in educational, developmental, cognitive and applied psychology. Authors John Dunlosky and Janet Metcalfe address many of the key…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Cognitive Processes, Theories, Research
Hertzog, Christopher; Price, Jodi; Dunlosky, John – Learning and Individual Differences, 2008
This study evaluated how people learn about encoding strategy effectiveness in an associative memory task. Individuals studied two lists of paired associates under instructions to use either a normatively effective strategy (interactive imagery) or a normatively ineffective strategy (rote repetition) for each pair. Questionnaire ratings of imagery…
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Associative Learning, Recall (Psychology), Metacognition
Nelson,Thomas O.; Narens, Louis; Dunlosky, John – Psychological Methods, 2004
A revised methodology is described for research on metacognitive monitoring, especially judgments of learning (JOLs), to investigate psychological processing that previously has been only hypothetical and unobservable. During data collection a new stage of recall occurs just prior to the JOL, so that during data analysis the items can be…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Data Analysis, Metacognition, Recall (Psychology)
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