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Download full textDowning, John – 1973
Teachers, principals, and other administrators who are considering the adoption of i.t.a. for language arts in the primary grades need objective information about its advantages and its disadvantages. The purpose of this paper is to provide a list of the disadvantages which may be inherent in the adoption of i.t.a. The disadvantages of i.t.a. may…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Language Arts, Primary Education
Downing, John – 1973
Part One of this book deals with theoretical considerations in the cross-national comparisons of language and reading instruction and achievement. Discussions of the scope and methodological problems of such research, bases for comparison, attitudinal and cultural variations, teacher preparation and organization variables, the varied linguistic…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, International Education, Language Acquisition, Language Instruction
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Journal of Reading Behavior, 1978
Reviews the evidence for alternative explanations of the underlying system of English orthography and discusses their feasibility as a basis for teaching young beginners. (HOD)
Descriptors: Linguistics, Literature Reviews, Orthographic Symbols, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Peer reviewedDowning, John; Dalrymple-Alford, E. C. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1974
Descriptors: Analytical Criticism, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, International Programs
Downing, John – 1969
The Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.), devised by Sir James Pitman as a simplified alphabet for beginning readers, consists of 44 characters plus a set of rules for standard spellings of English words using these characters. The characters and rules are designed to ensure easy transition from i.t.a. to traditional orthography (T.O.). In September…
Descriptors: Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Literature Reviews
Downing, John – Reading Soc Setting, 1967
Lecture given before the Annual Conference and Course on Reading (23d, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., July 10-21, 1967).
Descriptors: Copyrights, Discovery Learning, History, Initial Teaching Alphabet
Downing, John – 1973
In learning the skills of reading and writing, it seems most probable that the child has to become aware of certain aspects of spoken language which he has not previously perceived. Although the child is capable of saying and hearing words and can easily tell them apart from other words, to spell them phonically he must understand the concept of…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Language Acquisition, Language Skills, Literature Reviews
Downing, John – 1973
This paper reports on a Comparative Reading project that was conducted in 14 countries. The 14 countries included India, Germany, U.S.S.R., Great Britain, Israel, U.S.A., Finland, Japan, Hong Kong, France, Denmark, Argentina, Norway, and Sweden. The contents include: "The Significance of Culture," which discusses the value which various cultures…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Influences, Language Skills
Downing, John – Elementary English, 1970
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Concept Formation, Discovery Learning, Initial Teaching Alphabet
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Reading World, 1979
Suggests that the initial teaching alphabet has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in teaching reading to bilingual students and to students with reading and cognitive disabilities. (TJ)
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Cognitive Development, Disadvantaged, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Reading, 1977
Discusses the hazards that the English language contains for children learning to read, reports the Bullock Report's recommendation to judge I.T.A. on its merits, and describes research findings suggesting that the probability of reading failure is considerably greater when T.O. is used than when I.T.A. is used. (GT)
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Foreign Countries, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Reading Teacher, 1969
Descriptors: Childhood Attitudes, Cognitive Processes, Educational Psychology, Learning Theories
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Reading, 1970
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Educational Theories, Language Acquisition, Learning Processes
Peer reviewedDowning, John – The Reading Teacher, 1968
The conclusions and recommendations drawn from a 7-year study of the Initial Teaching Alphabet (i/t/a) made by the Reading Research Unit of London University are reported. The British research showed conclusively that traditional orthography (TO) is a major handicap for teachers and students of reading. Students taught with i/t/a made…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Intermediate Grades, Orthographic Symbols
Downing, John – 1977
Reading teachers vary in their teaching methods for reading instruction, usually emphasizing either the meaningful functions (meaning) or the technical features (coding) of written language. This paper reviews literature on the meaning/coding dichotomy and focuses on a "cognitive clarity theory" that stresses linguistic awareness and…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Cognitive Processes, Decoding (Reading), Elementary Education
