Descriptor
Source
| Elementary School Journal | 1 |
| Reading | 1 |
Author
| Downing, John | 3 |
Publication Type
| Information Analyses | 1 |
| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Speeches/Meeting Papers | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
Location
| United Kingdom (England) | 1 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Download full textDowning, John – 1969
The Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.), devised by Sir James Pitman as a simplified alphabet for beginning readers, consists of 44 characters plus a set of rules for standard spellings of English words using these characters. The characters and rules are designed to ensure easy transition from i.t.a. to traditional orthography (T.O.). In September…
Descriptors: Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Literature Reviews
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Reading, 1977
Discusses the hazards that the English language contains for children learning to read, reports the Bullock Report's recommendation to judge I.T.A. on its merits, and describes research findings suggesting that the probability of reading failure is considerably greater when T.O. is used than when I.T.A. is used. (GT)
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Foreign Countries, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Peer reviewedDowning, John – Elementary School Journal, 1977
Presents examples of the social causation of reading handicaps from a cross-cultural study of 14 countries called the Comparative Reading project. The study compared ways children were taught to read. (BF/JH)
Descriptors: Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Influences, Foreign Countries, Learning Disabilities
