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Peer reviewedMartin, Andrew J.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Williamson, Alan; Debus, Raymond L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003
Interviews with university students selected as high or low in either self-handicapping or defensive pessimism identified personal perspectives on the nature of self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, the perceived reasons why they engage in these strategies and the perceived advantages that follow from them, and the extent to which ego goals…
Descriptors: College Students, Defense Mechanisms, Foreign Countries, Goal Orientation
Peer reviewedMartin, Andrew J.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Debus, Raymond L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2001
Examines self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, the factors that predict these strategies, and the associations between these strategies and a variety of academic outcomes. Findings reveal that task orientation negatively predicts both self-handicapping and defensive expectations and positively predicts reflectivity. Students high in…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Defense Mechanisms, Emotional Response, Foreign Countries
