Reflecting the renewed interest in a variety of plans to increase parent and citizen participation in education, this paper divides the questions surrounding this issue into the following four categories: co-production (partnership), decision making, citizen advocacy, and parent choice. Under each of these categories the paper considers such issues as (1) the power parents should have about school policies and practicies, (2) the power citizens should have about school policies and practices, (3) the ways in which these powers should be exercised, (4) ways parents and citizens can address their grievances and concerns about the schools, (4) the choice parents should have about what kinds of schools their children will attend, and (5) ways public schools can achieve legitimacy in the eyes of parents and the tax-paying public. While addressing these issues, the paper identifies a few examples or models of parent involvement in the schools, discusses some of the issues surrounding these models, offers recommendations for action by parents and practitioners, and provides a list of references. (HOD)