In this article, the author begins by discussing four challenges on the concept of validity. These challenges are: (1) the appeal to logic and syllogistic reasoning; (2) the claim of reliability; (3) the local and the universal; and (4) the unitary and the divisible. In language testing validity cannot be achieved directly but only through a process of validation: one validates a test and then argues that it is valid. The analogy to the relation between justice and the law is apt: justice is not attainable directly and has to be reached for by way of the law. In his article about validity ("Validating Score Interpretations and Uses", April 2012), Michael Kane provides an informed account of the argument-based framework for validity with which he is closely associated. The exposition makes very clear why Kane's framework has been so well received by scholars. The author points to two aspects of the paper where, in the light of his earlier comments, he queries Kane's argument.