As charters and other public and private schools of choice have created a new landscape in many urban areas across the country, some districts have adopted the idea of creating "portfolios" of options. Central to the philosophy of a portfolio district is continuous improvement, as lowest-performing schools are transformed or replaced.…

As charters and other public and private schools of choice have created a new landscape in many urban areas across the country, some districts have adopted the idea of creating "portfolios" of options. Central to the philosophy of a portfolio district is continuous improvement, as lowest-performing schools are transformed or replaced. In…

The Report of the Carnegie Task Force on Teaching as a Profession is discussed with emphasis on the proposal to create a national professional standards board, so that board certification examinations would be administered by the profession. (MT)

Content and performance standards can underlie high-quality assessments that provide useful information about how students and schools are doing. These data should be used to inform teaching decisions, trigger special supports for students' learning, and evaluate school practices, rather than simply allocating mechanistically determined rewards…

Shortcomings of current testing policies have heightened interest in alternative assessment methods. Authentic assessments truly represent performance, evaluate against openly expressed standards, help students learn to evaluate themselves, and require public presentation and defense of their work. (SK)

American testing is primarily controlled by commercial publishers and nonschool agencies that produce norm-referenced, multiple-choice instruments designed to rank students cheaply and efficiently. Such tests are not intended to support instruction. Test scores tied to tracking, grade retention, graduation requirements, and rewards and sanctions…

Used data from a 50-state survey of policies, case studies, the 1993-94 Schools and Staffing Survey, and the National Assessment of Educational Progress to examine the ways in which teacher qualifications and other school inputs are related to student achievement across states. Findings suggest that policy investments in teacher quality may be…

Critiques the methodology of a study that found that teacher certification had little effect on the achievement of students and presents additional data on the characteristics of the small sample of teachers in the original analysis. Results suggest that most of those teachers had qualifications equivalent to certification. (SLD)

Discusses the need for a national teacher supply policy to meet the requirement of the No Child Left Behind Act that there be a highly qualified teacher in all classrooms. Programs for teacher supply should be modeled on medical manpower efforts. Describes some successful strategies. (SLD)

This study examines longitudinal student progress and achievement on the elementary, middle, and high school levels in relation to accountability policy incentives in a large urban district in Texas. Using quantitative analyses supplemented by qualitative interviews, the authors found that high-stakes testing policies that rewarded and punished…

Examines new institutional forms that support teachers' professional growth. Examines how existing arrangements can be redesigned to support reformers' visions and teachers' professional growth. Considers aspects of the larger education policy context that foster or impede teachers' incentives and ability to acquire new knowledge, skills, and…

Explores the role of teacher evaluation and suggests ways professionalism might be achieved through the evaluation process. Recommends that peer review might be an important means of defining and enforcing professional standards in teaching. (DR)

Economic and demographic changes in the United States signal a new mission for education--one in which the schools are responsible for ensuring that all students learn. This paper argues that this changed mission requires a new paradigm for school reform policy, one that shifts from designing controls intended to direct the system to developing…

Documents many inaccuracies in the Abell Foundation report on teacher certification and describes the actual findings of many of the studies the Foundation's report purports to review. Presents data challenging the Abell Foundation claim that uncertified teachers are as effective as certified teachers. (SLD)

Observes the increasing use of class test scores for rating teachers and reviews arguments against this practice. Cites research pointing to a variety of influences on standardized test scores other than teacher performance. Concludes that teacher evaluation must incorporate a variety of measures. (KH)