This paper presents facts to use in evaluating changes in incomes of families with children, focusing on the period from 1967-1984 and making comparisons with the preceeding two decades. Changes in average family income are examined, as well as income changes in a variety of socioeconomic groups. Comparisons are provided of current and past economic performance and changes in the sources of family income. The major findings were: 1)average real income increased between 1967 and 1973 and declined between 1973 and 1984; 2) these changes contrast with the 1949-1969 period, when incomes grew rapidly for all families; 3) the period from 1967-1984 was one of rising income inequality, with income declines in the lower 40% of families and increases in the top 40%; 4) poverty in families with children has increased in the 1967-1984 period due in part to growth of female-headed households; 5) income decreases would have been even greater over the recent past had it not been for the increase in working women; 6) working wives raised mean family income and reduced poverty in the bottom fifth of the population from 1967-1984; and 7) while the real level and poverty-reducing effects of cash transfers have declined since 1973, transfers still reduce poverty significantly. These findings are examined in detail throughout the report and are illustrated in tables of statistical data. (CG)