Explores the educational achievement of francophone minority students in Canada, considering the usefulness of J. Ogbu's (1978, 1991) model of voluntary and involuntary minorities. In Canada, a more flexible and inclusive framework is needed to account for the variability of academic outcomes and to plan interventions to improve academic…

Proposes a framework for analyzing the patterns of educational outcome observed in different world contexts. It is argued that students in subordinated groups will succeed academically only to the extent that patterns of interaction in school challenge and reverse those of society at large that subordinate some communities. (SLD)