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Peer reviewedCummings, E. Mark; And Others – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1991
Examined responses of 9-19 year olds to different forms of interadult anger expression. Children perceived all forms of anger expression as more angry than control conditions and had more negative reactions to anger expression than to control conditions. Results suggest that others' anger is viewed as a negative emotional event and reacted to as a…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Anger, Emotional Response
Peer reviewedCummings, E. Mark; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Children from 5 to 19 years of age viewed videotaped segments of resolved, partially resolved, and unresolved conflicts. The negativity of children's responses corresponded to the degree that fights were unresolved. Numerous age and sex effects were found. (BC)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Anger, Children
Peer reviewedCummings, E. Mark; And Others – Child Development, 1981
Responses of 1- to 2 1/2-year-old children as bystanders to naturally occurring and simulated expressions of anger and affection by others were recorded by mothers trained as observers. Expressions of anger frequently caused distress in the children. Distress responses were significantly more likely when physical attack occurred. Overt signs of…
Descriptors: Affection, Emotional Response, Family Environment, Family Relationship
Peer reviewedDavies, Patrick T.; Cummings, E. Mark – Child Development, 1998
Examined whether links between marital relations and six- to nine-year olds' adjustment were mediated by children's emotional security. Latent variable path analysis results supported theoretical pathway whereby marital dysfunction was linked with adjustment problems as mediated by emotional insecurity regarding parental conflicts. Emotional…
Descriptors: Adjustment (to Environment), Affective Behavior, Children, Emotional Adjustment
Direct linkDavies, Patrick T.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Winter, Marcia A.; Cummings, E. Mark; Farrell, Deirdre – Child Development, 2006
This multi-method study sought to identify parameters of developmental change and stability of child reaction patterns to interparental conflict in the context of family relations in a sample of 223 6-year-old children and their parents followed over the course of one year. Consistent with the sensitization hypothesis, interparental withdrawal and…
Descriptors: Conflict, Behavior Development, Parent Influence, Child Development
Peer reviewedEl-Sheikh, Mona; Cummings, E. Mark – New Directions for Child Development, 1997
Discusses the role of marital conflict as a mediator of parental drinking problems, and the emotional regulation and adjustment of children living in a family with an alcoholic parent. Proposes an emotional security hypothesis to explain the relationships, wherein hostile emotion communication may undermine children's sense of security, and as a…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Alcoholism, Attachment Behavior, Behavior Modification
Harold, Gordon T.; Shelton, Katherine H.; Goeke-Morey, Marcie C.; Cummings, E. Mark – Social Development, 2004
Addressing a gap in process-oriented understanding of relations between marital conflict and children's adjustment, propositions of the emotional security hypothesis from a family-wide perspective were tested in a longitudinal research design. Participants were 181 families and their 11-12 year-old-child (115 boys, 76 girls) living in Wales, in…
Descriptors: Security (Psychology), Child Rearing, Foreign Countries, Parent Child Relationship
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