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Cummings, E. Mark; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1985
Influence of others' emotions on the emotions and aggression of 2-year-olds was examined. Dyads of familiar peers were exposed during play to a sequence of experimental manipulations of background emotions of warmth and anger. Theoretical and practical implications of sensitivity to others' conflicts and interpersonal problems in toddlers are also…
Descriptors: Aggression, Coping, Early Childhood Education, Emotional Response
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Cummings, E. Mark; And Others – Child Development, 1989
Examined responses of 63 children of 4-9 years to different forms of expression of anger. Angry interactions between adults elicited anger and distress in young children and were discriminated from more positive interactions. Children responded negatively to unresolved expressions of anger. (RJC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Anger, Children, Conflict Resolution
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Cummings, E. Mark; And Others – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1991
Examined responses of 9-19 year olds to different forms of interadult anger expression. Children perceived all forms of anger expression as more angry than control conditions and had more negative reactions to anger expression than to control conditions. Results suggest that others' anger is viewed as a negative emotional event and reacted to as a…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Anger, Emotional Response
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Cummings, E. Mark; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Children from 5 to 19 years of age viewed videotaped segments of resolved, partially resolved, and unresolved conflicts. The negativity of children's responses corresponded to the degree that fights were unresolved. Numerous age and sex effects were found. (BC)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Anger, Children