In September 2012, Governor Jerry Brown signed into law Senate Bill 1458, which calls for California's school accountability system to shift from a near-exclusive reliance on state test scores to a broader range of measures demonstrating student achievement. At the high school level, starting in the 2015-16 school year, the Academic Performance Index will include an indicator composed of measures reflecting students' college and career preparedness. This white paper, however, concerns itself exclusively with high school performance. As a result, this report uses school and high school interchangeably. To determine exactly what measures will be included in this new indicator, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction and the State Board of Education will consider input from regional public meetings, a statewide survey, and recommendations from the Public Schools Accountability Act Advisory Committee. To further support this decision-making process, the California Department of Education has contracted with the Educational Policy Improvement Center (EPIC) to evaluate five different categories of potential measures of college and career preparedness. This white paper considers the benefits and limitations of multiple measures of college and career preparedness. It uses theory and practice related to measures of college and career preparedness as its frame of reference and primary organizing structure. The paper also considers the historical context for how accountability measures have been used in American education. It explores a set of criteria to consider when designing a multiple-measures system, then examines current multiple-measures systems used across the nation, and summarizes emerging themes from the literature on multiple measures for accountability of college and career preparedness. The paper concludes with a consideration of cutting-edge concepts and uses of multiple measures to ascertain college and career preparedness. [This report was written with Michael Thier, Paul Beach, Sarah Collins Lench, and Kristine L. Chadwick.]