Coordination of higher education within national sets is discussed in this working paper. The structural bases of national coordination, the tasks of higher education and the prevailing structure of embedded power, are described. The national general patterns of coordinative organization that appear frequently among national systems of higher…

Four major paths of academic coordination in higher education are detailed: by bureaucracy, profession, politics, and the market. All four are involved in all national academic systems, but in widely varying strengths and combinations. Each performs needed functions, and policy becomes a matter of balance and mutual adjustment. (Author/JMD)

This paper is a draft of a chapter to appear in "Academic Power: Patterns of Authority in Seven National Systems of Higher Education," edited by John H. Van de Graaff. It traces the historical development of universities in Italy with emphasis on the relationships among students, professors, and towns. Consideration is also given to…

Basic values in higher education and the way that values are made operational are discussed in an article and three responses to the article. Conflicts among values in American higher education and the structures of accommodation are also addressed. In addition to valuing liberal arts studies, professional education, and research, competence in…

Problems affecting the relationship between American secondary schools and higher education are considered, and comparisons to other countries are made. Five features of American secondary schooling that undergird problems of effectiveness (as measured by international academic standards and expectations of higher education) are considered: (1)…

Basic elements of the higher education system are considered, along with variations across nations (the United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Italy, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Australia, Canada, the United States, Poland, Yugoslavia, Mexico, and Thailand). Three basic elements of the organization of higher education system are identified:…

Part of a series of studies on higher education in different countries, this paper examines internal differentiation of Japanese higher education and the problem of coordination, using a comparative perspective. The crucial difference in the division of universities by subjects among different nations has been between chair and department…