This paper presents a case study in which systems theory is used as a framework for analyzing the experience of international consultants in assisting the education ministry of a developing country in formulating a national education 5-year plan. The study highlights the broader dilemma faced by international consultants who are frequently commissioned by clients who support systematic planning, but whose success depends heavily on the cooperation of stakeholders who are threatened by such planning. The findings of the study directly address the current debate concerning the appropriateness of the values and strategies that international development assistance organizations employ in assisting developing countries in national education planning.