Current school funding systems established by many states are resulting in widespread disparities in expenditures across districts, and current comparability measures providing adequate guarantees for equity among schools are being questioned. This study, involving 95 elementary schools and 25 high schools in 30 school districts across 5 states, examines resource availability and allocation for schools located in high and low revenue districts. Key findings from interviews and site visits are reported for base resource differentials (the school-level resources purchased by funding sources other than Chapter 1), what Chapter 1 adds to these base levels of resources, and Chapter 1 comparability standards in the sample schools across districts. This report contains six sections, including an introduction and discussions of the base level of resources for Chapter 1 and non-Chapter 1 elementary schools, the base level of resources in terms of district revenue and school poverty, how Chapter 1 and base resources combine to meet student needs, the high school analysis, and implications of the findings for Chapter 1 reauthorization. Variations in the resource base upon which Chapter 1 builds are driven primarily by differences in district revenue, suggesting the increased targeting of Chapter 1 funds solely on poverty criteria may still deny truly supplemental services to students from high poverty schools in low revenue districts. (Contains 48 tables, 8 figures, and 118 references.) (GLR)