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| Journal of Educational… | 1 |
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Peer reviewedButkowsky, Irwin S.; Willows, Dale M. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980
Fifth-grade boys of relatively good, average, and poor reading ability were assessed on tasks in which success and failure were manipulated. Consistent with predictions, poor readers displayed characteristics indicative of learned helplessness and low self-concepts of ability, including low expectations and less persistence. (Instructional…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Expectation, Failure, Grade 5
Butkowsky, Irwin S. – 1980
The relationships of children's perceptions of the causes of academic success or failure to achievement behavior and to reading ability were examined using two measures: Crandall's Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR), and a measure of students' causal attributions relating to performance of a single, specific task. Subjects were…
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Attribution Theory, Grade 5, Helplessness
