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Winterbauer, Neil E.; Lucke, Sara; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2013
In resurgence, an operant behavior that has undergone extinction can return ("resurge") when a second operant that has replaced it itself undergoes extinction. The phenomenon may provide insight into relapse that may occur after incentive or contingency management therapies in humans. Three experiments with rats examined the impact of several…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Operant Conditioning, Contingency Management, Animals
Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
Woods, Amanda M.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Three experiments with rats examined reacquisition of an operant response after either extinction or a response-elimination procedure that included occasional reinforced responses during extinction. In each experiment, reacquisition was slower when response elimination had included occasional reinforced responses, although the effect was…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Animals
Epstein, Leonard H.; Temple, Jennifer L.; Roemmich, James N.; Bouton, Mark E. – Psychological Review, 2009
Research has shown that animals and humans habituate on a variety of behavioral and physiological responses to repeated presentations of food cues, and habituation is related to amount of food consumed and cessation of eating. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of experimental paradigms used to study habituation, integrate a…
Descriptors: Habituation, Models, Food, Memory
Woods, Amanda M.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Five experiments with rat subjects compared the effects of immediate and delayed extinction on the durability of extinction learning. Three experiments examined extinction of fear conditioning (using the conditioned emotional response method), and two experiments examined extinction of appetitive conditioning (using the food-cup entry method). In…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Testing, Conditioning, Fear
Bouton, Mark E.; Woods, Amanda M.; Pineno, Oskar – Learning and Motivation, 2004
Two appetitive conditioning experiments with rats examined reacquisition after conditioned responding was eliminated by either extinction or by a partial reinforcement procedure in which reinforced trials were occasionally presented among many nonreinforced trials. In Experiment 1, reacquisition to a conditional stimulus (CS) that had been…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Cues
Bouton, Mark E. – Learning & Memory, 2004
This article provides a selective review and integration of the behavioral literature on Pavlovian extinction. The first part reviews evidence that extinction does not destroy the original learning, but instead generates new learning that is especially context-dependent. The second part examines insights provided by research on several related…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Expectation, Inhibition, Generalization