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Boggiano, Ann K.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1993
Examined the hypothesis that processes other than those related to concepts about ability produce helplessness in children younger than 10. Found that eight year olds did not experience helplessness in response to feedback about their failure in an achievement task but did experience helplessness when they failed to perform a physical task. (MM)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Elementary Education, Emotional Response, Helplessness