Literacy among adults is advocated over universal primary education for children in developing societies. It is argued that the needs of children may best be served by increasing the informal education of adults. (JMF)

Program design in nonformal education must take into account the cultural context in which it exists. In developing countries, it can neither reject all values of Western civilization (an impossible task), nor can it embrace Western values without regard to native cultures. The challenge, especially in literacy education, is to become culturally…