Unlike trends in reading and writing instruction which are shortlived, such as speed reading, performance contracting, and the i.t.a. (initial teaching alphabet), certain influences exist which contribute to lasting improvements in reading and writing. Several factors can help to distinguish trends from the more permanent influences on education. A historical perspective is necessary for a sound research-based reading and writing curriculum to meet the needs of changing populations. It is also necessary to strive for greater language precision when discussing literacy and learning disabilities. Other cultures, languages, and customs must be explored in order to teach reading and writing effectively to a diverse population. All of these factors should be considered when training reading and writing teachers at all levels. (A 27-item bibliography is attached.) (MM)