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Beilock, Sian L.; Kulp, Catherine A.; Holt, Lauren E.; Carr, Thomas H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2004
In 3 experiments, the authors examined mathematical problem solving performance under pressure. In Experiment 1, pressure harmed performance on only unpracticed problems with heavy working memory demands. In Experiment 2, such high-demand problems were practiced until their answers were directly retrieved from memory. This eliminated choking under…
Descriptors: Memory, Problem Solving, Mathematics Anxiety, Mathematics Skills