Findings from current literature form the basis for this examination of five critical elements of change and development within the local community setting which impact on agriculture: population, employment, land, water, and environment. Renewed rural population growth during the 1970's has reversed small farm trends but placed strains on local governments, frequently resulting in higher property taxes. Increased off-farm employment has provided supplementary farm income, resulted in less family labor available to support farm production, increased the number of small farms, and tied farm family living standards to economic conditions in the nonfarm sector. Rural community growth has intensifed the demand for agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes, resulting in high land costs that are a key barrier to entry into farming. The quantity of water required for agricultural purposes and the detrimental influence that agricultural activities are having on water quality are being scrutinized by local governments and residents. Agriculture is being viewed as a major contributor to air pollution through overuse of pesticides. Because affairs of the community and farm sector are intertwined, it is essential that local governments, farmers, and residents work cooperatively in shaping policies and programs that ensure the continued viability of both agriculture and the community. (NEC)