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Direct linkBartik, Timothy J. – W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2014
Substantial research shows that high-quality early childhood education programs have a large economic payoff. This payoff is increased earnings for former child participants, increased earnings for parents, and increased earnings for all workers when average worker skills improve. A program package of universal pre-K, combined with child care and…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Early Childhood Education, Outcomes of Education, Wages
Bartik, Timothy J.; Gormley, William; Adelstein, Shirley – W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2011
This paper estimates future adult earnings effects associated with a universal pre-K program in Tulsa, Oklahoma. These informed projections help to compensate for the lack of long-term data on universal pre-K programs, while using metrics that relate test scores to valued social benefits. Combining test-score data from the fall of 2006 and recent…
Descriptors: Wages, Salaries, Income, Disadvantaged Youth
