A meta-analysis explored the association between past studies on intercultural communication effectiveness and intercultural communication competence, and examined the relationship between knowledge-based and skill-based attributes in predicting intercultural communication competence. A total of 16 studies met the criteria of having recoverable quantitative data measuring aspects of intercultural communication competence or effectiveness and occurred within the context of intercultural interaction. The studies were coded for five characteristics. Results indicated empirical support for arguing that there is a strong association between studies of intercultural communication competence and intercultural communication effectiveness--measurement of intercultural communication competence and intercultural communication effectiveness was demonstrated to be equivalent. Results also demonstrated that both knowledge and skills were positive predictors of the association between intercultural communication competence and intercultural communication effectiveness. Formerly, many academic studies of intercultural communication competence were motivated by four practical needs: (1) to explain overseas failures; (2) to predict overseas successes; (3) to develop personnel selection strategies; and (4) to design, implement, and test sojourner training and preparation methodologies (Ruben, 1989). More research efforts should be aimed at empirically testing theoretical assumptions and the measurement of various moderator variables. (Contains 88 references and 2 tables of data.) (RS)