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Entwisle, Doris R.; Alexander, Karl L. – American Sociological Review, 1992
Data for 542, 490, 464, and 430 Baltimore (Maryland) children in winter 1982-83, summer 1983, winter 1983-84, and summer 1984, respectively, show about equal mathematics achievement of African Americans and whites at the start of grade 1, but African Americans were behind about 0.5 standard deviation by grade 3. (SLD)
Descriptors: Black Students, Disadvantaged Youth, Economic Status, Educational Environment