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Download full textAbedi, Jamal; Leon, Seth; Kao, Jenny C. – National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST), 2008
This study examines the incorrect response choices, or distractors, by students with disabilities in standardized reading assessments. Differential distractor functioning (DDF) analysis differs from differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, which treats all answers alike and examines all wrong answers against the correct answer. DDF analysis…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Disabilities, Grade 9, Grade 3
