In examining reading comprehension in a second language (L2), I have demonstrated that the prevailing metaphor of transfer of skills is misleading, and that what happens is access to an already existing general cognitive skill. There is evidence in first language (L1) and in L2 that accessing this skill when reading in an alphabetic language…

The distinction between grammatical, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence as components of communicative competence is useful for helping students develop spoken language skills in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. When individual speakers demonstrate strategic competence, they will use a range of expressions based on: (1) the…

This textbook is an illustrated table book rather than an elementary arithmetic book. Its object is to suggest things for pupils to do. While it is impossible in a work so small to do more than give suggestions, the teacher will find little difficulty in supplying the deficiency by the use of the blackboard. Although there is nothing in the book…

Differences and similarities between oral and written communication as applied to writing instruction are discussed with examples of divergent oral and written styles among speakers of nonstandard dialects, code switching between speech and writing, convergence and divergence in the development of writing skills, and the role of talking in writing…

This brochure is intended to be a useful tool for assessing students' development along a continuum of oral language growth as well as for providing information about the competencies that students are expected to learn in preschool and first grade. On the continuum in the brochure, descriptors list specific behaviors that detail students'…

For students with moderate or severe disabilities, developing literacy skills is a critical component of successful communication, employment, and community participation. Finally, educators have a practical, concise guidebook for helping these students meet NCLB's academic standards for literacy. Appropriate for use in all settings, including…

This article examines variant word order in subordinate clauses, in particular clauses introduced with "weil" in spoken discourse. Current studies point to discourse-pragmatic conditions that guide the placement of the verb in second or final clause position. An analysis of empirical speech data shows that German speakers use both V2 and VF in…

It is argued that vocabulary development is too often ignored in the communicative approach to second language teaching, while a good command of language and pleasure in speaking it require access to the appropriate words. Traditionally, vocabulary development has been accomplished by two complementary techniques: reading and classroom exercises.…

This book is for boys and girls who know the numbers from one to thirty thoroughly, who can count to one thousand, who know something of the multiplication tables of two, three, four, five, six, ten, and twelve, and who understand the simplest facts about fractions. This book is both to be read and to be studied. It calls for oral recitation and…

This step-by-step manual can be used to guide primary-grade students through retellings. The following will be discovered: (1) Developmental retelling strategies that match the reading level of each student; (2) How to build the foundation for quality retellings with activities that help students understand a story's events, sequence, and…

This document, written in French, represents the final version of the curriculum for the study of French as a first language in Alberta's secondary schools. The curriculum addresses the following skills: Oral communication (listening, interaction, presentation); reading; and writing. An appendix provides a variety of charts, tables,…

This document, written French, represents the final version of the curriculum for the study of French as a first language in Alberta's secondary schools. The curriculum addresses the following skills: Oral communication (listening, interaction, presentation); reading; and writing. An annex provides a variety of charts, tables, questionnaires, and…

The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive and cohesive guide for the use of small, frequency modulated sound-field FM amplification systems in classrooms. The book addresses both theoretical and practical issues with an emphasis on application of information to real-world situations. Worksheets and checklists are included at the end…

The fundamental idea of "Oral English" Books I and II is "appeal to the ear." In many books on oral English, both the eye and the ear are appealed to at the same time. In this book the first appeal is to the ear alone. Contents include 24 fifth-grade lessons; 23 sixth-grade lessons; 30 seventh-grade lessons; and 40 eighth-grade…

A discussion of errors made in second-language learning focuses on the control that the speaker himself exerts over mistakes and argues that this would be a useful area for further research. Implications of such analysis for second-language instruction are considered. (MSE)