ERIC Number: EJ1280221
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2020-Dec
Pages: 7
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0021-9584
EISSN: N/A
Separation of Anthocyaninic and Nonanthocyaninic Flavonoids by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Based on Their Acid-Base Properties: A Green Chemistry Approach
Sampaio, Cátia I.; Sousa, Luís F.; Dias, Alice M.
Journal of Chemical Education, v97 n12 p4533-4539 Dec 2020
Anthocyanins are natural pigments belonging to the flavonoid family that generate the red, blue, and purple colors of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Their structure and color are dependent on various factors, like the pH. Anthocyanins appear red in acidic, purple in neutral, and blue in basic solutions, making them suitable for use as natural pH indicators. Thus, petals of flowers could be an attractive pedagogic tool for laboratory activities due to the high content of anthocyanins, but the presence of copigments such as flavonols and flavones modifies the characteristic anthocyanin colors in pH studies. Therefore, a simple and ecological liquid-liquid extraction was developed for the separation of anthocyaninic and nonanthocyaninic flavonoids, based on the different acid-base properties of these two classes of pigments. Treatment with NaOH allowed the detection of nonanthocyanin flavonoids in the organic phase through the development of a deep yellow color. Colorimetric analysis of the aqueous anthocyaninic fractions enabled visualization of the typical colors from different forms of anthocyanins, demonstrating the efficacy of the separation method. It was also possible to distinguish if the red pigments of the flower were anthocyanins or betalains. Thus, the beautiful colors of flowers make them an accessible and attractive source of pigments that can be used to demonstrate acid-base properties of organic molecules, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques, intermolecular interactions, and solubility properties. This protocol could be implemented in practical classes of chemistry and biochemistry degrees, being particularly useful for teaching fundamentals of organic chemistry and color chemistry.
Descriptors: Color, Chemistry, Science Instruction, Laboratory Experiments, Teaching Methods, Molecular Structure, Biochemistry, Undergraduate Students, Hands on Science
Division of Chemical Education, Inc. and ACS Publications Division of the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036. Tel: 800-227-5558; Tel: 202-872-4600; e-mail: eic@jce.acs.org; Web site: http://pubs.acs.org/jchemeduc
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Higher Education; Postsecondary Education
Audience: Teachers
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A