The 2019 "Minnesota Academic Standards in Science (Standards)" set the expectations for achievement in science for grades K-12 students in Minnesota. The standards are grounded in the belief that all students can and should be scientifically literate. Graduates should be prepared for career and college opportunities. The "Standards" describe a connected body of science and engineering knowledge acquired through active participation in science experiences, including hands-on laboratory activities rooted in science and engineering practices. The "Standards" are based on consensus research in science education found in "A Framework for K-12 Science Education" (NRC, 2012), which emphasizes the inclusion of three dimensions in science standards, curriculum and instruction, and assessment. The three dimensions of science include: (1) Scientific and Engineering Practices; (2) Crosscutting Concepts; and (3) Disciplinary Core Ideas. This document utilizes an "anchor standard" approach. Twelve anchor standards establish the overall goals for learning from kindergarten through grade 12. A "benchmark" is a "specific knowledge or skill that a student must master to complete part of an academic standard by the end of the grade level or grand band." (Minnesota Statutes 2021, section 120B.018, subdivision 3.) The benchmarks are placed at the grade level where mastery is expected, and with recognition that the progression of learning experiences in earlier grades builds the foundation for mastery later on. It is intended that the combination of Practices, Crosscutting Concepts and Core Ideas indicated in the benchmark should not dictate instruction.