In 2002, the United States Supreme Court confirmed that in the school's role of in loco parentis, drug testing of students who were involved in athletics and extracurricular activities was constitutional. In a state of the union address, George W. Bush stated that drug testing in schools had been effective and was part of "our aggressive community-based strategy to reduce demand for illegal drugs" ("Let the love flow: Student drug testing"). In an effort to help inhibit and dissuade drug use, Federal funding has been made available to help schools pay for drug testing, which depending on the type of test used, can range from $20-$60 per student. The results of drug testing programs at best, are mixed. At a school with a mandatory drug testing program, the use of drugs, but not alcohol, was lower; and there was no association between school-based drug testing and students' reports of drug use. The American Academy of Pediatrics has trepidations about drug testing adolescents at school or home. They highly recommend that instead of punitive measures, there be more adequate resources for assessment, treatment and earlier rehabilitation measures. To test or not to test? Each side has their own perspective. Determining if there should be a drug testing program is a complex and complicated process. If a school decides to do drug testing, it was highly recommended that it should be a component of a total program to reduce students' use of drugs. (Contains 15 online resources.)