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Laundra, Kenneth; Sutton, Tracy – Teaching Sociology, 2008
Measuring student intelligence has been problematic in the United States since standardized testing first began in the early 1900s. The omnipresence of standardized testing in student populations is illustrated by the most popular contemporary tests which are used by some scholars to advance the notion that intelligence differences between whites…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Academic Achievement, Intelligence Quotient, Test Bias
Miller, Lynda – 1993
Noting that the collective stories of special education have grown out of a tradition that, by its nature tends to perpetuate problems, this book examines such narratives and how they influence thinking and belief about intelligence and learning. It begins by examining how the current story of intelligence developed and illustrates some of the…
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Competence, Educational Attitudes, Educational History