Documents produced for three separate conferences that were convened to discuss the aims and methods of English instruction in the past century demonstrate the pedagogical shift from a "formal" concept of literacy to a more functional one. An 1896 conference at Harvard University reviewed secondary school and college English instruction during the…

The manual is intended for training workshops on program and curriculum development for the post-literacy stages, since many countries successful in literacy work find that even greater challenges await them as erstwhile illiterates emerge from literacy classes as new literates. The emphasis is on programs and curricula to help new literates…

This document consists of a teacher's resource guide, student book, and an accompanying audio component intended to help beginning-level adult English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners gain the general language skills and cultural understanding they need to function successfully in the U.S. workplace. The lessons address the following commonly…