This report discusses efforts in adult English as a Second Language (ESL) education to link language instruction to workforce and civic skills (skills needed for successful participation in the community). It looks at the social forces that underlie these efforts (shifts in the U.S. economy, welfare reform, accountability requirements, and learner…

Asserts that the concept of accountability has become politicized in British education. Contends that conservatives have defined accountability in undemocratic ways. Argues that liberals must redefine accountability to reflect their values and develop anti-oppressive policies and practices in schools. (CFR)