Summarizes two examples of cooperative activities developed in Australia between teachers and teachers and other professionals. Discusses what has been learned from the examples. (YP)

Research on what elementary school students know about probability prior to instruction and what they can learn about probability is concisely reviewed. Many references are included. (MNS)

Research on direct instruction in mathematics is briefly summarized, with key procedures listed. (MNS)

Research on students' attainment on multiplication facts, common errors, and meaningful instruction is briefly cited in this review. (MNS)

Research on homework in mathematics is briefly reviewed, with the conclusion that homework may be useful since it may increase achievement but won't decrease it. Specific suggestion for planning homework are included. (MNS)

Two studies on the match between test and textbook content are reviewed. The emphasis in textbooks on computation, wide variation in content, and weak matches between content in textbooks and tests were noted. (MNS)

Research on the amount of questioning and the types of questions teachers ask are briefly discussed. (MNS)

Research on the characteristics of individuals who have demonstrated a high level of ability in mathematics is presented. The importance of structure in mathematical thinking is stressed and implications for teaching are detailed. (MNS)

What research says about the learning and teaching of decimal fractions is summarized, with some instructional strategies and activities to improve learning suggested. (MNS)

Research on effective teaching is described. Comparisons of expert and novice teachers reveal a profile of expertise in elementary mathematics instruction. How lessons are planned and presented is discussed. (MNS)

Research indicates that calculators can promote mathematics achievement. Some topics with which calculators can aid are briefly discussed: problem solving, number ideas, counting, basic facts, and computation with whole numbers and decimals. (MNS)

Research on the use of review is briefly summarized. Some guidelines for planning review work are listed, and five types of effective review are noted: outlines, questions, varied grouping, varied content, and games. (MNS)

Research on minority groups in mathematics (particularly Blacks and Hispanics) is briefly summarized. How researchers attempt to explain achievement and enrollment differences is noted. (MNS)

A meta-analysis of 79 research reports on the effects of calculator use on students' achievement and attitude in grades K-12 was conducted. At all but one grade level, students using calculators maintained or improved their paper-and-pencil skills. Suggestions for the classroom are included. (MNS)

Research on the attitudes of elementary school pupils toward mathematics is briefly summarized. Included are the points that most elementary school children like mathematics and that few differences are found between the attitudes of boys and girls. Some suggestions on what teachers can do to improve attitudes are given. (MNS)