The article describes a four-step procedure for constructing two types of graphic organizers (hierarchical and compare/contrast) to help secondary academically handicapped students gain information from textbooks. Implementation methods include teacher-directed, student-directed with text references, and student-directed with clues. Testing…

Through inservice instruction, three research-based teaching and learning strategies (keywords, study guides, and graphic organizers) were presented to teachers of students with disabilities. When the teachers implemented the strategies in their classrooms using precision teaching techniques, student achievement increased. (JDD)