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Kamii, Constance; Rummelsburg, Judith; Kari, Amy – Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 2005
To develop their logico-mathematical foundation of number as described by Piaget (1947/1950, 1967/1971, 1971/1974), 26 low-performing, low-SES first graders were given physical-knowledge activities (e.g., Pick-Up Sticks and "bowling") during the math hour instead of math instruction. During the second half of the school year, when they showed…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Word Problems (Mathematics), Grade 1, Arithmetic

Kamii, Constance; Lewis, Barbara Ann – Arithmetic Teacher, 1991
Presents a study of 87 second graders to demonstrate that achievement tests in primary mathematics emphasize pupil's lower-order thinking by comparing answers to interview questions from constructivist and traditionally instructed groups. Results indicated that constructivist instructed students demonstrated superior higher-order thinking on tasks…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Addition, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement