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Download full textAmerican Institutes for Research, 2011
First introduced in 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) has evolved over time, emphasizing education reform priorities that mirror the changing national education policy conversation. The most recent iteration of ESEA, as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), was enacted in 2001. It emphasized improving outcomes for…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Federal Legislation, Educational Improvement, Teacher Effectiveness
Clotfelter, Charles T.; Ladd, Helen F.; Vigdor, Jacob L. – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research, 2007
Education researchers and policymakers agree that teachers differ in terms of quality and that quality matters for student achievement. Despite prodigious amounts of research, however, debate still persists about the causal relationship between specific teacher credentials and student achievement. In this paper, we use a rich administrative data…
Descriptors: Credentials, Class Size, Teacher Characteristics, Academic Achievement
