Online learning is one of the most important topics in distance learning, but practitioners and researchers have experienced difficulty in defining the process. "Online Assessment and Measurement: Foundations and Challenges" approaches the topic by finding a common ground to properly analyze online assessment and measurement. "Online Assessment and Measurement: Foundations and Challenges" explores the development of online assessment and the way practitioners of online learning can modify their methodologies in the design, development, and delivery of their instruction to best accommodate their participants. It acts as a handbook for educators, trainers, support staff, librarians, human resource managers, and anyone interested in online assessment. This book contains 16 chapters: (1) Assessment is as Assessment Does (Jeanette Bartley); (2) Defining Online Assessment for the Adult Learning Market (Betty Bergstrom, Jim Fryer, and Joel Norris); (3) Definitions, Uses and Benefits of Standards (Eric Shepherd); (4) Ten Key Qualities of Assessment Online (Chris Morgan and Meg O'Reilly); (5) Factors to Consider in the Design of Inclusive Online Assessment (Sandra Thompson, Rachel Quenemoen, and Martha Tharlow); (6) Best Practices in the Assessment of Online Discussions (Katrina Meyer); (7) Challenges in the Design, Development, and Delivery of Online Assessment and Evaluation (Clark Hickman, Cheryl Bielema, and Margaret Gunderson); (8) Creating a Unified System of Assessment (Richard Schuttler and Jake Burdick); (9) Legal Implications of Online Assessment (Bryan Bradley); (10) Legal Implications of Online Assessment (Robert Hunt); (11) Accessibility of Computer-Based Testing for Individuals with Disabilities and English Language Learners within a Validity Framework (Eric Hansen and Robert Mislevy); (12) Delivering Computerized Assessments Safely and Securely (Eric Shepherd, John Kleeman, and Joan Phaup); (13) Securing and Proctoring Online Assessments (Jamie Mulkey and John Fremer); (14) Securing and Proctoring Online Tests (Bernadette Howlett and Beverly Hewett); (15) Supporting and Facilitating Academic Integrity in Distance Education through Student Services (Brian Fox); and (16) User Authentication and Academic Integrity in Online Assessment (Boris Vilic and Marie Cini).