This book provides a comprehensive clinical-developmental framework for understanding and treating behavior problems in early childhood. Examining the developmental tasks and transitions that young children face in cognitive, social, and family contexts, the book helps readers distinguish between typical, age-appropriate behaviors and those that may signify a more persistent problem. The book begins with a review of basic conceptual and theoretical issues, reflecting new directions in the field of developmental psychopathology. Chapters describe typical development from age two to five, present up-to-date facts on the nature and prevalence of early childhood problems, and consider the strengths and limitations of available diagnostic systems. Illuminating what happens to hard-to-manage children as they grow up, compelling research is presented on how individual, family, and peer factors influence young childrens developmental pathways. Of special interest are case studies and findings from the authors longitudinal research program, which tracks two cohorts of toddlers and preschoolers to middle childhood or adolescence. Particular attention is given to the critical question of why some children manage to successfully overcome difficult transitions, while others face the risk of serious, ongoing problems. Issues in intervention are examined, and the literature on empirically supported approaches to prevention and treatment evaluated. (Contains 481 references.) (GCP)