This listing of "what students should know and be able to do to learn effectively and live productively in an increasingly digital world" includes guidelines for six subject areas: (1) Creativity and Innovation; (2) Communication and Collaboration; (3) Research and Information Fluency; (4) Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving & Decision-Making; (5) Digital Citizenship and (6) Technology Operations and Concepts. First introduced in 1998, the National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) Projects is an ongoing initiative of the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). The primary project goal is to enable stakeholders in PreK-12 education to develop national standards for educational uses of technology that facilitate school improvement. The NETS Project works to define standards for students, integrating curriculum, technology, and standards for student assessment and evaluation of technology use. Forty-nine of the 50 U.S. states have adopted, adapted or referenced NETS in state department of education documents. As technology, resources, practices and assessment have evolved, it has become necessary to review and refresh the standards. This booklet includes the entire revised text of the National Educational Technology Standards for Students, a discussion of the need for technology standards, a project overview offering historical perspective, a summary of the refresh process, student profiles and examples, and the results of a scenario survey.