This booklet is part of a series of units designed to help students take and defend a position on public issues. The unit presented here explores questions about when people should challenge authority through a study of the Civil War and slavery. The booklet is divided into six sections. The first and last are an introduction and review respectively. The second section is on the personal and political meanings of slavery. This section discusses the beginnings of slavery and the development of the slave trade, what life was like as a slave, and the national political crisis that developed over the question of the right or wisdom of slavery as an institution. The third section is devoted to resistance and dissent. It traces the resistance efforts of African slaves from the 17th century through Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831. Violent reactions to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 are also described in this section. The fourth section, "Prelude to War," discusses the heightening tensions over slavery, secession of the southern states, Lincoln's inauguration, and the beginning of the Civil War with the attack on Fort Sumter. Photographs, newspaper headlines, letter and diary excerpts, and speeches are used in each of these three sections to illustrate the problems of slavery and the debate that led to war. The fifth section is about current issues relating to the problems of racism. The situation in South Africa is discussed, as is affirmative action and reverse discrimination. Each section includes questions for discussion and activities. The accompanying teacher's guide focuses on the following organizing questions: (1) Who is morally responsible for the effects of slavery? What duties does such responsibility create? (2) On what kinds of questions must there be a single uniform national policy? For what issues is it reasonable to allow differing policies and institutions, depending upon the wishes of the local government? (3) On what grounds is it legitimate for a person, group, or government to secede from a contract or agreement to which they have been a party by tradition or choice? (4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of responses such as martyrdom, peaceful civil disobedience, rioting, secession, or revolution by groups that feel they cannot tolerate existing national policy? (DK)