This booklet is part of the "Getting to Grips with..." series, which is intended for the general reader who wants to understand important trends in vocational education and training. It is designed to provide the reader with an understanding of the main practical aspects of on-the-job training. The booklet is in two parts. The first part, a description of the subject matter that should be clear to any interested layperson, covers the following topics: (1) the need for effective on-the-job training in Australia; (2) how to determine training needs; (3) different approaches and methods of on-the-job training; (4) how to deliver on-the-job training; and (5) how to evaluate on-the-job training programs. These topics are illustrated by three case studies taken from a range of Australian enterprises. The second part gives an annotated list of 26 publications for those who want to read further. Each annotation consists of the author or sponsoring organization, publication data, title, publisher, and content summary. (YLB)