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Piazza, Cathleen C.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
A choice assessment was used to categorize reinforcers as high, middle, and low preference with 4 males (ages 7 to 19) with multiple disabilities including severe/profound mental retardation. High-preference stimuli consistently functioned as reinforcers for all subjects whereas low-preference stimuli did not function as reinforcers. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Children, Individual Differences, Multiple Disabilities

Fisher, Wayne W.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study examined the effects of blocking self-injurious behavior on the self-restraint of a 19-year-old male with severe mental retardation. Consistent with the negative reinforcement hypothesis, blocking SIB resulted in near-zero levels of SIB and moderate reductions in self-restraint. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Case Studies, Negative Reinforcement, Self Control

Derby, K. Mark; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study examined effects of providing attention (the presumed reinforcer) both noncontingently and contingent upon either self-injurious behavior or self-restraint with a 12-year-old female with multiple disabilities including profound mental retardation. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that both responses were maintained by…
Descriptors: Attention, Behavior Modification, Case Studies, Multiple Disabilities

Pace, Gary M.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Obscene verbalizations in an individual with traumatic brain injury were treated using stimulus fading as the singular form of intervention. Results of a functional assessment revealed the obscenity was maintained by negative reinforcement. Stimulus fading (the gradual reintroduction of instructional demands) produced immediate and substantial…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Case Studies, Contingency Management, Head Injuries
Reemergence and Extinction of Self-Injurious Escape Behavior during Stimulus (Instructional) Fading.

Zarcone, Jennifer R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Functional analysis of the self-injurious behavior (SIB) of three individuals with profound mental retardation indicated the behavior was maintained by negative reinforcement (escape from instructional situations). Stimulus fading was applied. Results indicated that instructional fading virtually eliminated SIB, but these effects were not…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Contingency Management, Extinction (Psychology)

Wishart, Jennifer G. – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1991
A group of 16 infants (ages 6 to 24 months) with Down's Syndrome (DS) were exposed to two operant learning tasks varying in control of reinforcement. Comparison with chronological and developmental age matched controls found DS subjects characterized by increasing adoption of counterproductive learning behaviors with increasing age. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Style
Miltenberger, Raymond G.; And Others – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1991
Individuals (n=55) with mild to moderate mental retardation rated the acceptability of differential reinforcement and time-out. Community-based subjects and institutionalized subjects differed in their ratings depending on the severity of the problem. (DB)
Descriptors: Adults, Attitudes, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems

Lerman, Dorothea C.; Iwata, Brian A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1993
Independent descriptive (correlational) and functional (experimental) analyses, conducted with six subjects with profound mental retardation exhibiting self-injurious behavior (SIB), found that the descriptive analysis was useful in identifying the extent to which SIB was related to social versus nonsocial contingencies but was limited in its…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Disorders, Correlation, Experiments

Mace, F. Charles; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Three adolescent students with special educational needs were given reinforcers (nickels) according to three different concurrent variable-interval schedules. Time allocated to the assigned tasks was in linear relationship to the reinforcement rate. However, changes in reinforcement schedules were not followed by changes in allocation patterns…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavioral Science Research, Contingency Management, Reinforcement

Lalli, Joseph S.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Two children (ages four and five) with mild developmental delays and no appropriate toy play were trained individually on one topography for each toy. Previously reinforced topographies of toy play were then placed on extinction, resulting in the induction of untrained topographies. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Creativity, Developmental Delays, Extinction (Psychology)

Northup, John; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study compared three methods of stimulus preference assessment for four verbal children (ages six to nine) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specifically evaluating the utility of a verbal choice procedure for assessing relative reinforcer value. Verbal and pictorial stimulus-choice assessments identified high- and low-preference…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Modification, Children, Evaluation Methods

Lerman, Dorothea C.; Iwata, Brian A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This paper presents a method for distinguishing between extinction and punishment effects. In extinction and punishment, different schedules of reinforcement or punishment are in effect when a given proportion of responses is blocked. Response patterns in treatment of hand mouthing in an adult with profound mental retardation suggest that a…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Modification, Behavioral Science Research, Case Studies
Donohue, Brad; Azrin, Nathan; Allen, Daniel N.; Romero, Valerie; Hill, Heather H.; Tracy, Kendra; Lapota, Holly; Gorney, Suzanne; Abdel-al, Ruweida; Caldas, Diana; Herdzik, Karen; Bradshaw, Kelsey; Valdez, Robby; Van Hasselt, Vincent B. – Behavior Modification, 2009
A comprehensive evidence-based treatment for substance abuse and other associated problems (Family Behavior Therapy) is described, including its application to both adolescents and adults across a wide range of clinical contexts (i.e., criminal justice, child welfare). Relevant to practitioners and applied clinical researchers, topic areas include…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Intervention, Behavior Modification, Adolescents
Jaeger, Michael – Computing Teacher, 1988
Describes a study that examined the effects of various computer reinforcement responses, including graphics and/or sound, on students' attentiveness to the program. Implications for educational software design are discussed. (CLB)
Descriptors: Attention, Computer Assisted Instruction, Courseware, Habituation

Eisenberg, Nancy; And Others – Child Development, 1985
Mothers' and fathers' socialization of one- and two-year-old children's sex-typed play behaviors was examined. For each parent, dyadic interactions were videotaped in the home on two occasions six months apart. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the social learning account of sex-role development. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Fathers, Infant Behavior, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers