Second-, third-, and fourth-grade children judged 12 covariation problems and were asked to identify the direction of the relationship between event states. With increasing age, children were more likely to make judgments based on pictured event-state combinations. Second graders spontaneously used a strategy involving covariation judgments. First…

Researchers conducted a study that examined the classroom reading practices of beginning special education teachers and each teacher's ability to promote student engagement. The researchers observed 14 beginning special education teachers over a 6-month period and identified the teachers as most engaging, highly engaging, moderately engaging, or…

Children and adults in large environments showed no developmental differences in judging distances separated by barriers and not separated by barriers. Variables included type of barrier, distance, and environmental experience. (JS)

This paper sets out to investigate (i) gender differences in whole class classroom interaction with a sample of teachers who were not using interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in their lessons; and (ii) the short-term and longer term impact of IWB use upon gender differences in classroom interaction. The study focused upon teacher-student interaction…

An ABAB withdrawal design was used to investigate the effects of explicit timing on accurate oral reading rate of sight word phrases of four elementary students demonstrating difficulty with reading. During baseline the students were exposed to flash cards with sight word phrases and asked to read them out loud and were not made aware that they…

This compendium, a deliverable for "Assessments for Social, Emotional, and Academic Learning with Preschool/Elementary-School Children," focuses on tools to assess the social and emotional learning (SEL) of preschool and elementary school students (i.e., five- to ten-year-olds), along with aspects of the contexts in which they learn and…

A study was conducted to determine the relationship between learning styles and school readiness within two groups of 5- and 6-year-old primary school children. The first group was composed of 15 preschool children who watched an average of 5 hours of the television program "Sesame Street" per week; the second group consisted of 29…

Few studies of person perception have examined the development of human nature concepts, i.e., the understanding of what it means to be human. In an attempt to explore the development of what being human means within the framework of cognitive development theory, 55 boys and 60 girls in kindergarten, fourth, eighth, and twelfth grade were given a…

The social cognitive performance of aggressive and nonaggressive children was assessed under conditions of relaxation and threat. Aspects assessed included skillfulness, bias, and process. Subjects were 65 aggressive and nonaggressive boys 8- to 10-years-old. Findings were interpreted as consistent with theories of preemptive processing and…

Examined the effects of acquaintanceship on school-age children's interactions with respect to these specific components: (1) information exchange; (2) engagement in mutual activities; (3) negative evaluations of the other; and (4) efforts to direct other's behavior. (Author/RWB)

Study separated two components of drawing: perspective taking and graphic skill. Results suggest that failures of young children to draw occlusion have less to do with graphic skill than was previously thought. Results further suggest that young children have a more general difficulty selecting one perspective and maintaining it over time.…

Children's conflicts with one another during free play were observed to determine the relation between the child's rate of conflict participation and his or her rate of aggressive behavior during conflict episodes and between these variables and the degree to which the child was liked or disliked by peers. (Author/SO)

Analyzed intelligence and achievement test scores for 100 learning disabled boys to investigate the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) as a predictor of Woodcock Johnson reading, mathematics, and written language scores. WISC-R performance IQ predicted the greatest variance. (JAC)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical and methodological significance for children and university researchers to participate together in data collection and research interpretation. We examine this process in the context of a three-year study with the aim of understanding how children become identified as having difficulties in a…

Effective education requires a balance between cognitive dissonance and emotional safety. This relationship is particularly important in the social studies, where the broad goal of societal improvement necessitates the contemplation of sensitive social and personal issues. Nonetheless, a recent investigation of the elementary social studies in the…