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Showing 31 to 45 of 179 results Save | Export
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Lerman, Dorothea C.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study examined whether problem behaviors of three adults with profound mental retardation, which had been maintained by continuous reinforcement schedules, could be extinguished more rapidly than those maintained on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. No significant differences in extinction rate were found between the two conditions.…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Extinction (Psychology)
Bryant, Fred B. – 1984
Although understanding how causal attributions for performance develop is important to attribution theory, little research has been done on this topic. To explore changes in attributions during task performance for both actors and observers, 90 female undergraduates participated in a procedure in which they received either 80 percent or 20 percent…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, College Students, Females, Higher Education
Creamer, Vicki A.; Brown, Sandra A. – 1985
Expectancies of reinforcement from alcohol have been investigated from a variety of research perspectives. Although results vary with methodology, subject characteristics, and amount of alcohol consumed, research seems to indicate that the expectation of receiving alcohol influences, and at times outweighs, the actual pharmacological properties of…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Alcoholic Beverages, Behavior Patterns, Drinking
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Sugai, George; Chanter, Carol – Education and Treatment of Children, 1989
The study investigated the effects of training two learning and behavior disordered elementary students to ignore the inappropriate behavior and to reinforce the appropriate behavior of three peers who were also learning and behavior disordered. Results indicated the students were able to utilize extinction and reinforcement procedures…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Behavior Modification, Elementary Education, Learning Disabilities
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Marcus, Bethany A.; Vollmer, Timothy R. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
In this study with three children (ages four and five) with severe developmental disabilities and aberrant behavior maintained by tangible positive reinforcement, noncontingent reinforcement, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior were found to decrease the frequency of aberrant behavior while strengthening mands. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Compliance (Psychology), Preschool Children
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Fisher, Wayne W.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
This study compared the effects of unequal and equal reinforcer duration during a functional analysis of aberrant behavior in an 11-year old with moderate mental retardation. Results showed that reinforcer duration affects the rate of aberrant behavior and may potentially alter functional analysis interpretation. (DB)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Case Studies, Children
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hagopian, Louis P.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) was applied to reduce the destructive behaviors of five-year-old quadruplets diagnosed with mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorder. Findings suggest that the effectiveness of NCR may be dependent on the use of a dense schedule of reinforcement initially and that systematic fading can increase the…
Descriptors: Attention, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Developmental Disabilities
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Horner, Robert H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Functional assessment is redefining the standards for clinical interventions with problem behavior and reemphasizing the importance of basic behavioral mechanisms. It has shown the importance of complex patterns of behavioral control, functional assessment as an ongoing process, and the importance of attention to antecedent variables. Future…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Contingency Management, Evaluation Methods
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Vollmer, Timothy R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
After finding that self-injurious behavior in two young males with developmental disabilities was negatively reinforced by escape from instructional activities, an intervention provided noncontingent escape on a fixed schedule and differential negative reinforcement of other behavior. Provision of escape, even when noncontingent, resulted in…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Developmental Disabilities
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Shull, Richard L.; Fuqua, R. Wayne – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1993
A review of the January 1993 issue of the "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" concludes that behavioral interventions produce collateral effects, but predicting those effects in applied work is complicated because of verbal and instructional influences and because of interactions among reinforcer types. (JDD)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Behavioral Science Research, Contingency Management
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Baer, Donald M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1991
This paper argues that behavior analysis is not technological to a fault, but rather has a faulty technology by being incomplete. The paper examines reinforcers and punishers that result from the outcomes of either (1) striving for better experimental control, or (2) inventing theories to explain why current control is imperfect. (JDD)
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Behavior Theories, Behavioral Science Research, Reinforcement
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ivancic, Martin T.; Bailey, Jon S. – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1996
Two experiments with 15 individuals having profound mental retardation found difficulties in identifying reinforcers that were actually effective in treatment of chronic training needs. Research needs in evaluating training alternatives for people with profound multiple disabilities who move very little or who respond with very long latencies are…
Descriptors: Identification, Multiple Disabilities, Positive Reinforcement, Program Effectiveness
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Gast, David L.; Jacobs, Heidi A.; Logan, Kent R.; Murray, Amy Streu; Holloway, Anne; Long, Libby – Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 2000
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief, 2-minute pre-session stimulus preference assessment in predicting the levels of responding of four students (ages 6-9) with profound multiple disabilities. Use of the identified preferred stimulus resulted in higher levels of student responding during the instructional condition across all four…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Motivation, Multiple Disabilities, Positive Reinforcement
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Higbee, Thomas S.; Carr, James E.; Patel, Meeta R. – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2002
This study evaluated use of the interpolation of reinforcement effect, which combines intermittent (INT) and continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedules, with four young children with autism using a free-operant preparation. Results suggest that responding may be less resistant to extinction following interpolated CRF reinforcement than following INT…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Operant Conditioning
Dube, William V.; McIlvane, William J. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2002
Sensitivity to reinforcement contingencies was examined in six individuals with mental retardation using a concurrent operants procedure in the context of a computer game. Results included individual differences in sensitivity and differential sensitivity to rate and magnitude variation. Results suggest that comprehensive assessments of potential…
Descriptors: Adults, Children, Contingency Management, Evaluation Methods
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