Argues that as national boundaries become less important, the salience of comparative and international educational research increases. Discusses how more researchers can make contributions to the field. Examines implications for research training. Explores the increased involvement of educational researchers in international consulting and the…

A model explaining consciousness of gender inequality was tested for the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and Austria. Responses varied according to gender, SES, education, and age and differed from prior U.S. research. U.S. women are unique in several respects. Findings call into question the generalizability of U.S. studies. (DM)

Reports results of a study of the predictions that gender differences exist in the preference for a caring morality and will exist across cultures. Describes a scale developed to test the predictions. Reports that the predictions were confirmed with women from four cultures preferring a more caring morality. (DK)

The findings of epistemological beliefs studies in North America, Hong Kong and Taiwan were compared and interpreted in terms of the different cultural contexts and methodologies used in the research studies. Based on cross culture analysis a hypothesis for the structure of epistemological beliefs was proposed. Implications were also drawn for…

A useful way of organizing global history survey courses for undergraduate students is to emphasize the theme of long-distance trade across cultural or civilizational frontiers. Three analytic models accentuate the importance of long-distance trade: (1) the typology of exchange by Karl Polanyi; (2) the concept of the trade diaspora as defined by…

A problem with gerontology theory is that it focuses on a social view of the aged, ignoring individual and cultural variables. A person is judged to have aged successfully if he has adjusted to society's definition of an "elderly person." Similarly, most studies of programs and options for the aged reflect the view of the service…

Differences in cognitive structure are approached through consideration of cartesian and non-cartesian knowing. Figuration and configuration are described as two layers of cartesian knowing leading to the third layer, the cognitive structure. Knowing in general is then discussed, with comments on learning in another culture, Botswana. (MNS)

Examines 2,000 Strange Situation classifications obtained in eight different countries. Differences and similarities between distributions in classifications of samples are investigated using correspondence analysis. Substantial intracultural differences are established; data also suggest a pattern of cross-cultural differences. (Author/RWB)

McCauley and Colberg described a theory of transportability and provided data to demonstrate the feasibility of their approach. It is argued that the transportability notion resembles earlier cross cultural work and does not add new insights into cross cultural comparison. Their statistical checks do not preclude the possibility of bias.…

Argues that the individualism-collectivism dichotomy overlooks values that inherently serve both individual and collective interests, ignores values that foster the goals of collectives other than the ingroup, and promotes the mistaken assumption that individualist and collectivist values form opposing syndromes. Suggests refined value types. (FMW)

Uses the "line and stanza" method to analyze and compare texts representing different cultural backgrounds and ages. Proposes that the textual characteristics identified by the Formalists as the measure of literature are actually the hallmarks of a cross-cultural human capacity for making deep sense of experience. (FMW)

Eight papers and nine summaries of papers present themes and discussions addressed during the European Peace Research Association (EUPRA) conference in Budapest (Hungary) in 1993. Following an introduction with overview information regarding the conference, the first three sections present eight papers on areas studies, peace museums, concepts,…

Noting the recent growing concern for the theoretical development of intercultural communication, this paper reviews various interpretive schools of thought that have used qualitative research methods in either intracultural or intercultural communication contexts. Following a brief discussion of the differences between qualitative and…

The aim of this study was to develop tools for screening and assessment of socio-medical effects of alcohol use which are simple and inexpensive enough to be used in any primary health care setting. A test protocol was prepared by a group of investigators from Australia, Bulgaria, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, and the United States. Based on a number of…

To determine if personality characteristics reflect influences of culture, while sex differences remain similar across cultures, 100 Indonesian and 100 American college students completed the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, in the appropriate language. An analysis of the results showed that females in both cultures were higher than males…