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Dyer, Kathleen – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1987
The study evaluated a reinforcement theory of stereotyped behavior with six autistic students (ages 9-16). Three students evidenced decreases in stereotypy and increases in responding in the presence of usual reinforcers, while the other three students required external suppression of stereotypy before increases in responding were shown.…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Elementary Secondary Education, Reinforcement

Sandler, Allen G.; McLain, Susan C. – American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1987
Investigation of the reinforcing properties of vestibular stimulation with five multiply disabled severely retarded young children indicated that vestibular stimulation (10 seconds of swinging) was reinforcing to all subjects and was preferred (over food, praise, visual, and auditory stimulation) by four of the five children. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Multiple Disabilities, Positive Reinforcement, Severe Mental Retardation, Stimuli

Lewis, Mark H.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1987
In response to a previous article proposing perceptual reinforcement of stereotyped movements in autistic and mentally retarded persons, it is argued that this theory fails to take into account biological findings and theory regarding pathological stereotyped acts. An alternative theory derived from neurological concepts is suggested. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Patterns, Neurology, Perception

Newsom, Crighton; Lovaas, O. Ivar – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1987
The authors respond to criticism of their paper proposing a perceptual reinforcement of stereotyped movements in autistic and mentally retarded persons. The alternative theory based on neurobiological factors is judged to be insufficiently detailed and inadequate in scope. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Patterns, Mental Retardation, Perception

Dunst, Carl J.; Lingerfelt, Barbara – Child Development, 1985
Relationship between maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning was examined in 18 2- to 3-month-old infants. Subjects participated in a conjugate reinforcement experiment; mothers of subjects completed the Carey and McDevitt Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire 2 to 3 days before the learning study. Two temperament dimensions,…
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Learning, Mother Attitudes, Operant Conditioning

Parpal, Mary; Maccoby, Eleanor E. – Child Development, 1985
Contrasts effects of three modes of mother/child interaction on children's subsequent compliance with maternal directives. Subjects were 39 children from lower-middle-class families, ranging in age from approximately three to four-and-a-half. Responsive play and noninteractive conditions produced higher levels of compliance than the untrained free…
Descriptors: Mothers, Parent Influence, Play, Preschool Children

Bloom, Kathleen – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1984
Discusses the distinction between species-typical (elicitation) and operant reinforcement interpretations of infant/adult social interaction; considers procedural and analytic components of Poulson's 1983 paper (v36 p471-89); and clarifies differences in Poulson's interpretation and the author's interpretation of the vocal conditioning studies of…
Descriptors: Ethology, Infants, Learning Theories, Parent Child Relationship

Pittenger, David J. – Teaching of Psychology, 1996
Briefly reviews the research literature concerning the overjustification effect. The effect describes the situation where positive reinforcement reduces one's intrinsic motivation for a behavior, thereby decreasing the probability that the behavior will be repeated. Notes the limitations of this explanation and recommends a broader representation…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Behavior Theories, Cognitive Processes
Nishikawa, Sue S. – 1985
This report reviews current literature on feedback and suggests practical implications of feedback research for educators. A definition of feedback is offered, and past definitions in prior research are noted. An analysis of the current state of knowledge of feedback discusses the historical development of feedback theory and suggests that…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Conditioning, Epistemology, Feedback

Harris, Francis C.; Lahey, Benjamin B. – Education and Treatment of Children, 1986
The reactivity of normal preschool children's peer praising behavior to observer presence was investigated during baseline and intervention conditions. Evaluation of an intervention package designed to increase peer praising suggested reactivity to observation during intervention. Results have implications for evaluation of internal validity of…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Intervention, Observation, Peer Relationship

Poulson, Claire L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1984
Aims to clarify the distinction between elicitation and reinforcement discussed in Bloom (1984); to make explicit theoretical and methodological assumptions about the experimental analysis of infant behavior as shown in components of Poulson (1983); and to clarify differences in interpretation of other infant vocal conditioning research.…
Descriptors: Infant Behavior, Learning Theories, Operant Conditioning, Research Methodology

Charlop, Marjorie H.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1992
Five children with autism participated in learning sessions involving trials of an acquisition task interspersed with trials of three maintenance tasks. Correct responses to acquisition tasks were continuously reinforced throughout all conditions; reinforcement for competent performance of maintenance tasks differed systematically. All children…
Descriptors: Autism, Early Childhood Education, Maintenance, Motivation

Vollmer, Timothy R. – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1994
This article discusses problems inherent in the analysis of automatically reinforced behaviors, which are behaviors that are maintained by operant mechanisms independent of the social environment. Four classes of treatment that are compatible with automatic reinforcement are reviewed, including manipulations of establishing operations, sensory…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Developmental Disabilities, Extinction (Psychology), Intervention
Differential Reinforcement to Reduce Disruptive Behaviors in a Blind Boy with a Learning Disability.

Heitzman, A. J.; Alimena, M. J. – Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1991
Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding was used to reduce the disruptive behaviors of a blind 12-year-old boy with a learning disability. The subject earned reinforcers by not exceeding the established criterion of disruptive behaviors. An overall 88 percent reduction in target behaviors was observed across a 26-day period.…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Blindness, Intermediate Grades

Mace, F. Charles; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
The behavior of special education students (age 12 and 16) was evaluated as they were presented with 2 academic response alternatives on concurrent reinforcement schedules. Both subjects allocated higher rates of responses to the richer schedule of reinforcement, although only 1 responded exclusively to the richer schedule. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Disabilities, Outcomes of Treatment, Positive Reinforcement, Secondary Education